StiffSun

organic cotton goods

2006-10-30T00:35:00.000-08:00

Liv organic cotton goods are soft luxurious nad affordable and they have a huge range of organic clothing.

Pacemaker

2005-04-03T11:59:00.000-07:00

A healthy human heart contains its own electrical conducting system capable of controlling both the rate and the order of cardiac contractions. Electrical impulses are generated at

World War I, Italy and the Italian front, 191516

2005-04-03T11:44:00.000-07:00

Great Britain, France, and Russia concluded on April 26, 1915, the secret Treaty of London with Italy, inducing the latter to discard the obligations of the Triple Alliance and to enter the war on the side of the Allies by the promise of territorial aggrandizement at Austria-Hungary's expense. Italy was offered not only the Italian-populated Trentino and Trieste but also South

Cynoscephalae

2005-04-03T01:08:00.000-08:00

(Greek: “Dogs' Heads”), ancient range of hills in Thessaly, Greece, 7 miles (11 km) west of modern Vólos. It was the site of the victory (197 BC) that ended the Second Macedonian War when the Romans under Titus Quinctius Flamininus defeated Philip V of Macedon. The combat engaged about 26,000 men on each side. The outcome hung in the balance, each side prevailing on its own right wing, until a detachment

Peter, Apocalypse Of

2005-04-02T02:51:00.000-08:00

Also called Revelation To Peter, pseudepigraphal (noncanonical and unauthentic) Christian writing dating from the first half of the 2nd century AD. The unknown author, who claimed to be Peter the Apostle, relied on the canonical Gospels and on Revelation to John to construct a conversation between himself and Jesus regarding events at the end of the world. Unlike Revelation to John, however, the Apocalypse

Alcmaeon

2005-04-01T05:35:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Alcmeon Greek philosopher and physiologist of the academy at Croton (now Crotona, southern Italy), the first person recorded to have practiced dissection of human bodies for research purposes. He may also have been the first to attempt vivisection. Alcmaeon inferred that the brain was the centre of intelligence and that the soul was the source of life. Applying

China, The Wu-tai (Five Dynasties)

2005-04-01T03:07:00.000-08:00

None of the Wu-tai regimes that dominated North China ever forgot the ideal of the unified empire. Each sought, with gradually increasing success, to strengthen the power of the central authorities. Even Chu Wen, who began the Wu-tai by deposing the last T'ang emperor in 907, sought to extend his control in the north. While consolidating his strength on the strategic plains

Mascagni, Pietro

2005-03-31T01:56:00.000-08:00

Mascagni studied at the conservatory at Milan, but, unable to submit to the discipline of his master, Amilcare Ponchielli, he left to join a traveling

Insurance, Business liability insurance

2005-03-30T18:30:00.000-08:00

Business liability contracts commonly written include the following: liability of a building owner, landlord, or tenant; liability of an employer for acts of negligence involving employees; liability of contractors or manufacturers; liability to members of the public resulting from faulty products or services; liability as a result of contractual agreements

Dance, Western, Experiments

2005-03-30T13:40:00.000-08:00

Technological progress itself became the subject of dance and dancing. In the Soviet Union, there were experiments during the 1920s with dances created to express urban traffic, the accuracy of machine work, and the grandeur of skyscrapers. In Germany, the painter Oskar Schlemmer (1888–1943) realized his vision of a dance of pure, geometric form in the Triadisches Ballet performed

Toarcian Stage

2005-03-29T21:02:00.000-08:00

Division representing all rocks deposited worldwide during the Toarcian Age (193–187 million years ago). The Toarcian is the fourth of 11 divisions (in ascending order) that make up the Jurassic System and is the uppermost stage of the Early Jurassic. No global stratotype section and point (GSSP) for the base of the stage has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy.

Lowell, A(bbott) Lawrence

2005-03-29T02:58:00.000-08:00

A member of a prominent Boston family, Lowell was the brother of the astronomer Percival Lowell and of the poet Amy Lowell. He graduated from Harvard (A.B. 1877, LL.B. 1880) and practiced law in Boston for 17 years before turning

Defense Of Rights, Associations For The

2005-03-28T05:48:00.000-08:00

The league was actually a coalition of middle-class organizations,

Biblical Literature, The revision of Theodotion

2005-03-27T02:47:00.000-08:00

A second revision of the Greek text was made by Theodotion (of unknown origins) late in the 2nd century, though it is not entirely clear whether it was the Septuagint or some other Greek version that underlay his revision. The new rendering was characterized by a tendency toward verbal consistency and much transliteration of Hebrew words.

Staff

2005-03-26T10:03:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Stave, in the notation of Western music, five parallel horizontal lines that, with a clef, indicate the pitch of musical notes. The invention of the staff is traditionally ascribed to Guido of Arezzo in about the year 1000, although there are earlier manuscripts in which neumes (q.v.; signs from which musical notes evolved) are arranged around one or two lines in order to orient the

Priesthood, Christianity

2005-03-26T07:36:00.000-08:00

At this critical juncture in Judaism, Christianity, with its own particular conception of priesthood and sacrificial redemption, began in Palestine and rapidly spread throughout the surrounding regions in the Greco-Roman world. In the New Testament the imminent destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem and its worship is predicted, and the culmination of its high

Cynewulf

2005-03-25T02:08:00.000-08:00

King of the West Saxons, or Wessex (757–786), in England who succeeded to the throne following the deposition of Sigebert. Cynewulf was constantly at war with the Welsh. In 779 Offa of Mercia defeated him and took Bensington. In 785 he was surprised and killed, with all his thanes present, at Marten, in modern Wiltshire (Merantune), by Cyneheard, the brother of the deposed Sigebert.

Qatif, Al-

2005-03-24T21:37:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Katif, town and oasis, northeastern Saudi Arabia. It lies along the Persian Gulf, over Al-Qatif petroleum field. Since the development of the oil fields in the late 1940s, Al-Qatif has lost its status as an important port to Ad-Dammam. In addition to several oil wells, Al-Qatif has oil-gas separator plants, pipelines, and large residential quarters for workers. A major irrigation project (completed

Sunderland

2005-03-24T16:30:00.000-08:00

In the year 674 a monastery was founded in an area on the north riverbank known later as Monkwearmouth. St. Bede the Venerable (672/673–735), noted chronicler of Anglo-Saxon affairs, was born in the area and studied there.

Cela, Camilo José

2005-03-23T05:22:00.000-08:00

In full Camilo José Cela Trulock Spanish writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1989. He is perhaps best known for his novel La familia de Pascual Duarte (1942; The Family of Pascual Duarte) and is considered to have given new life to Spanish literature. His literary production—primarily novels, short narratives, and travel diaries—is characterized by experimentation

Frye, Northrop

2005-03-22T09:02:00.000-08:00

Frye was educated at the University of Toronto, Emmanuel College in Toronto, and Merton College, Oxford. He taught at Victoria College from 1939, became chairman of the English department there in 1952, and served as principal (1959–67) and chancellor (1978–91) of the college.

Constantia

2005-03-21T23:49:00.000-08:00

Residential area, Western Cape province, South Africa, near Cape Town. It is located in Constantia Valley, famous since the 18th century for wines produced on both government and private farms. The Groot Constantia homestead there was built about 1685 by Governor Simon van der Stel and named for his wife, Constance; a fine example of Cape Dutch architecture, it has been restored

Arabia, History Of, Mamluk and Ottoman influence

2005-03-21T21:22:00.000-08:00

Although the Yemeni Rasulids sometimes disputed with the Mamluks the overlordship of the Holy Cities, the Mamluks generally prevailed. Egyptians and Meccans attacked al-Mujahid the Rasulid on a pilgrimage in 1350, and he was held prisoner in Egypt though released later.

Mahi River

2005-03-21T05:58:00.000-08:00

Stream in western India, rising in the western Vindhya Range, just south of Sardarpur, and flowing northward through Madhya Pradesh state. Turning northwest, it enters Rajasthan state and then turns southwest to flow through Gujarat state and enter the sea by a wide estuary past Cambay after about a 360-mile (580-kilometre) course. The silt brought down by the Mahi has contributed

Plant Disease, Biological control

2005-03-19T16:25:00.000-08:00

Biological control of plant diseases involves the use of organisms other than humans to reduce or prevent infection by a pathogen. These organisms are called antagonists; they may occur naturally within the host's environment, or they may be purposefully applied to those parts of the potential host plant where they can act directly or indirectly on the

Neo-sinaitic Alphabet

2005-03-18T23:01:00.000-08:00

Writing system used in many short rock inscriptions in the Sinai Peninsula, not to be confused with the Sinaitic inscriptions, which are of much earlier date and not directly related. Neo-Sinaitic evolved out of the Nabataean alphabet in the 1st century AD and was in use perhaps until the 4th century AD; inscriptions date primarily from the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The chief importance

Tibet

2005-03-18T21:12:00.000-08:00

Tibetan Bod, in full Tibet Autonomous Region, Chinese (Wade-Giles) Hsi-tsang Tzu-chih-ch'ü, (Pinyin) Xizang Zizhiqu historic region and autonomous region of China that is often called “the roof of the world.” It occupies about 471,700 square miles (1,221,600 square kilometres) of the plateaus and mountains of Central Asia, including Mount Everest (Chu-mu-lang-ma Feng). It is bordered by the Chinese provinces of Tsinghai to the northeast, Szechwan to the east, and Yunnan to the southeast; Myanmar (Burma), India,

Waihi

2005-03-18T11:39:00.000-08:00

Town, Waikato local government region, northern North Island, New Zealand, on the Ohinemuri River (tributary of the Waihou). Situated at the base of the Coromandel Peninsula on the northern end of the Waihi Plains, Waihi, whose name is Maori for “rising waters,” was founded three years after gold and silver were discovered just north of the site in 1875. Gold mining continued

Kiel, Treaty Of

2005-03-17T16:58:00.000-08:00

(Jan. 14, 1814), the peace treaty ending the hostilities between Denmark and Sweden during the Napoleonic Wars. By the treaty, Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden, thus ending the union initiated in 1380 and further reducing Denmark's status as a Baltic and European power. By the accession of Norway, Sweden was partially compensated for the loss in 1809 of Finland and the Åland Islands to Russia;

Baby Yar

2005-03-17T14:37:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Babiy Yar or Babi Yar large ravine on the northern edge of the city of Kiev in Ukraine, the site of a mass grave of victims, mostly Jews, whom Nazi German SS squads killed between 1941 and 1943. After the initial massacre of Jews, Baby Yar remained in use as an execution site for Soviet prisoners of war and for Roma (Gypsies) as well as for Jews. Soviet accounts after the war speak of 100,000 dead. The true number may

Tale Of Genji, The

2005-03-16T15:00:00.000-08:00

Japanese Genji Monogatari, masterpiece of Japanese literature by the Lady Murasaki Shikibu, written toward the start of the 11th century. It is considered the oldest full novel in the world and one of the finest. Most of the story is concerned with the loves of Prince Genji and the different women in his life, each of whom is exquisitely delineated. The work is supremely sensitive to human emotions

Mecca, Plant and animal life

2005-03-16T11:47:00.000-08:00

Plant and animal life are scarce and consist of species that can withstand the high degree of aridity and heat. Natural vegetation is sparse, and includes tamarisks and various types of acacia. Wild animals include wild cats, wolves, hyenas, foxes, mongooses, and kangaroo rats (jerboas).

Philip Iii

2005-03-15T14:54:00.000-08:00

Philip, the second son of Louis IX of France (Saint Louis), became heir to the throne on the death of his elder brother Louis (1260). Accompanying his father's crusade against

Papandreou, Andreas

2005-03-15T10:17:00.000-08:00

The son of Georgios Papandreou, he attended the American College in Athens and studied law at the University of Athens. A Trotskyite, he was imprisoned briefly by the dictator Ioannis Metaxas and, when freed, fled to the United States, where he received

Padang Highlands

2005-03-14T17:43:00.000-08:00

Region near the western coast of the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It is part of the Barisan Mountains of Sumatera Barat provinsi (“province”). The highest among several volcanoes in the highlands is Mount Merapi (9,485 feet [2,891 m]). A favourite resort area because of its climate, the region has superb scenery and is the source of four major rivers (the Rokan, Kampar, Inderagiri, and Batanghari).

Faidherbe, Louis

2005-03-14T04:19:00.000-08:00

In full Louis-léon-césar Faidherbe governor of French Senegal in 1854–61 and 1863–65 and a major founder of France's colonial empire in Africa. He founded Dakar, the future capital of French West Africa.

Photography, Technology Of, X-ray radiography

2005-03-13T08:46:00.000-08:00

The most familiar

Air Law, Criminal jurisdiction

2005-03-12T21:17:00.000-08:00

Although some systems of national law still adhere to the view that ships and aircraft are part of the territory of the state the nationality of which they possess, this is merely a crude metaphor. In international law, a distinction has to be made between three types of state jurisdiction: territorial jurisdiction over national territory and all persons and things

Ear, Human, Auditory nerve fibres

2005-03-12T17:14:00.000-08:00

The vestibulocochlear nerve consists of two anatomically and functionally distinct parts: the cochlear nerve, which innervates the organ of hearing, and the vestibular nerve, which innervates the organs of equilibrium. The fibres of the cochlear nerve originate from an aggregation of nerve cell bodies, the spiral ganglion, located in the modiolus of the cochlea.

Baseball

2005-03-12T10:55:00.000-08:00

Game played with a bat, a ball, and gloves between two teams of nine players each on a field with four white bases laid out in a diamond (i.e., a square oriented so that its diagonal line is vertical). Teams alternate positions as batters (offense) and fielders (defense), exchanging places when three members of the batting team are “put out.” As batters, players try to hit the ball

Palawan

2005-03-11T19:28:00.000-08:00

Island, the southwesternmost large island of the Philippines. Palawan is long and narrow and trends northeast-southwest between the South China and Sulu seas. It has an area of 4,550 square miles (11,785 square km), a maximum width of 24 miles (39 km), and a mountainous backbone that runs its entire 270-mile (434-kilometre) length, with Mount Mantalingajan (6,840 feet [2,085 m]) in the south as its highest peak. The

Abu Simbel

2005-03-11T05:39:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Abu Sunbul

Abbott, Jacob

2005-03-10T15:19:00.000-08:00

Abbott attended Hallowell Academy and Bowdoin College and studied at Andover Newton Theological School. After teaching at Amherst College, he moved in 1829 to Boston, where he founded and was the first principal of the Mount Vernon School, a secondary

Protein, Results of X-ray diffraction studies

2005-03-10T01:18:00.000-08:00

Most knowledge concerning secondary and tertiary structure of globular proteins has been obtained by the examination of their crystals using X-ray diffraction. In this technique X rays are allowed to strike the crystal; the X rays are diffracted by the crystal and impinge on a photographic plate, forming a pattern of spots. The measured intensity of the diffraction

Tsuyama

2005-03-09T23:07:00.000-08:00

City, Okayama ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan. It lies along the upper Yoshii River, in the centre of the Tsuyama basin. A castle was built there in 1442. An important post town during the Tokugawa period (1603–1867), Tsuyama is still a centre of traditional home industries, producing tabi (socks), sickles, and silk gauze textiles. The remains of the castle and old buildings around it attract

Bruce, Michael

2005-03-09T09:58:00.000-08:00

Bruce's parents gave him a good education, and he attended four winter sessions at the University of Edinburgh. In 1766 he wrote his last and finest poem, “Elegy Written in Spring.” His reputation

Ear Disease

2005-03-09T07:31:00.000-08:00

Ear diseases and hearing disorders are discussed in Michael E. Glasscock III, George E. Shambaugh, Jr., and Glenn D. Johnson (eds.), Surgery of the Ear, 4th ed. (1990), a well-illustrated text on diseases of the ear and their surgical correction; James Jerger (ed.), Hearing Disorders in Adults (1984); John Ballantyne, M.C. Martin, and Antony Martin (eds.), Deafness, 5th ed. (1993); Robert Thayer Sataloff and Joseph Sataloff, Hearing Loss, 3rd ed., rev. and expanded (1993); and David M. Vernick et al., The Hearing Loss Handbook (1993). George E. Shambaugh, “A Restudy of the Minute Anatomy of Structures in the Cochlea with Conclusions Bearing on the Solution of the Problem of Tone Perception,” The American Journal of Anatomy, 7(2):245–257 (Aug. 1, 1907), was the first detailed description of the hearing-nerve end organ in the cochlea, where sound waves are converted into nerve impulses depending upon the pitch of the tone. George E. Shambaugh, Jr., and Alexandre Petrovic, “Effects of Sodium Fluoride on Bone: Application to Otosclerosis and Other Decalcifying Bone Diseases,” JAMA, 204(11):969–973 (June 10, 1968), summarizes research on the arrest, by means of sodium fluoride, of progressive deafness caused by otosclerosis. Philip H. Beales, Noise, Hearing, and Deafness (1965), is a useful review in lay language of the problem of deafness and the adverse influence on hearing of excess noise exposure; a more recent text is Karl D. Kryter, The Handbook of Hearing and the Effects of Noise: Physiology, Psychology, and Public Health (1994). Brief reports by panels of experts assembled by the National Institutes of Health are issued as NIH Consensus Statements; several statements are of clinical concern in the field of hearing and deafness: “Noise and Hearing Loss,” 8(1):1–24 (Jan. 22–24, 1990), also available with the same title in JAMA, 263(23):3185–3190 (June 20, 1990), “Early Identification of Hearing Impairment in Infants and Young Children,” 11(1):1–24 (Mar. 1–3, 1993), and “Cochlear Implants in Adults and Children,” 13(2):1–30 (May 15–17, 1995), also available with the same title in JAMA, 274(24):1955–1961 (Dec. 27, 1995). More information on the success of cochlear implants is available in Jeffrey P. Harris, John P. Anderson, and Robert Novak, “An Outcomes Study of Cochlear Implants in Deaf Patients,” Archives of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, 121(4):398–404 (April 1995).

Jastrzebie-zdrój

2005-03-09T03:32:00.000-08:00

City, Katowice województwo (province), south-central Poland. With the cities of Racibórz, Rybnik, and Katowice, Jastrzebie-Zdrój constitutes a secondary industrial zone within Poland's Upper Silesian agglomeration bordering on the Czech industrial region of Ostrava. Jastrzebie-Zdrój became popular in the 1860s as a thermal spa whose iodobromide waters were used to treat

Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc.

2005-03-07T20:29:00.000-08:00

The company's history traces to 1859, when George F. Gilman and George Huntington Hartford founded the Great American Tea Co. in New York City to trade in tea bought from the cargoes of the clipper ships. It became largely

Renkum

2005-03-06T23:59:00.000-08:00

Gemeente (commune), Gelderland provincie, central Netherlands. Renkum is situated on the Lower Rhine (Neder Rijn) River, immediately west of Arnhem, and comprises the communities of Oosterbeek (the local government centre), Renkum, Doorwerth, Heelsum, and Wolfheze. The locality was especially associated with the Battle of Arnhem in World War II; on the Oosterbeek village

Bruce, Michael

2005-03-06T13:22:00.000-08:00

Natural gas (primarily methane) that has been liquefied for ease of storing and transporting. LNG takes up about 1/600 the space that natural gas does in its gaseous form, and it can be easily shipped overseas. LNG is produced by cooling natural gas below its boiling point, -162° C (-259° F), and is stored in double-walled cryogenic containers at or slightly above atmospheric pressure. It

San Antonio Zoological Gardens And Aquarium

2005-03-06T03:59:00.000-08:00

One of the largest animal collections in the southwestern United States, located in San Antonio, Texas. Founded in 1914, the zoo and accompanying aquarium are operated by the San Antonio Zoological Society and occupy a 35-acre (14-hectare) site with natural springs and rock cliffs. More than 3,500 specimens of approximately 750 terrestrial and aquatic species are bred and exhibited.

Pendergast, Thomas J(oseph)

2005-03-05T20:48:00.000-08:00

Pendergast went to Kansas City in 1893, where he learned the rudiments of municipal politics from precinct captains and where, by 1916, he had become political boss of Kansas

Memory Abnormality

2005-03-04T16:36:00.000-08:00

Some forms of amnesia appear to be quite different from those associated with detectable injury or disease of the brain. These comprise, first, amnesias that can be induced in apparently normal individuals by means of suggestion under hypnosis; and secondly, amnesias that arise spontaneously in reaction to acute conflict or stress, and which are commonly called

Weld, Sir Frederick Aloysius

2005-03-04T04:48:00.000-08:00

Born into a landed Roman Catholic family and educated at Stonyhurst and the University

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl Of, Baron Of Raby

2005-03-03T14:41:00.000-08:00

Leading adviser of England's King Charles I. His attempt to consolidate the sovereign power of the king led to his impeachment and execution by Parliament.

China, Political developments

2005-03-03T04:49:00.000-08:00

Mormon

2005-03-02T18:33:00.000-08:00

An excellent sociological treatment of Mormonism is Thomas F. O'Dea, The Mormons (1957, reissued 1964). Jan Shipps, Mormonism (1985), argues that Mormonism is separate from the Judeo-Christian tradition. The church's 19th-century history is treated in Richard L. Bushman, Joseph Smith and the Beginnings of Mormonism (1984); Marvin S. Hill, Quest for Refuge: The Mormon Flight from American Pluralism (1989), setting the early history of Mormonism in the larger context of contemporary American religious experience; Klaus J. Hansen, Mormonism and the American Experience (1981), analyzing the cross-influence of the early church and American culture in the formative period 1820–1890; and Leonard J. Arrington and Davis Bitton, The Mormon Experience, 2nd ed. (1992), a topically arranged interpretive history to the turn of the century. Thomas G. Alexander, Mormonism in Transition (1986), examines the church's changing positions on various issues during the critical period 1890–1930. Daniel H. Ludlow (ed.), Encyclopedia of Mormonism, 5 vol. (1992), is a well-organized reference work with numerous entries on contemporary topics; it is written primarily by Mormons.

Cosmopolitanism

2005-03-02T17:29:00.000-08:00

In Stoic philosophy, position taken by the Stoics against the traditional (Greek) distinction between Greeks and barbarians, made by applying to themselves the term cosmopolitans, thereby implying that their polis, or city-state, was the entire cosmos, or the whole world. Alexander the Great discouraged this distinction by allowing his generals to marry women native

Triglyceride

2005-02-28T15:21:00.000-08:00

Any one of an important group of naturally occurring lipids (fat-soluble components of living cells). Triglycerides are esters in which three molecules of one or more different fatty acids are linked to the alcohol glycerol; they are named according to the fatty acid components; e.g., tristearin contains three molecules of stearic acid, and oleodistearin, one of oleic

Oglethorpe University

2005-02-28T07:13:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. The university comprises nine divisions offering undergraduate study in the humanities, business, sciences, and education. It also offers master's degree programs in education and business administration. The campus is distinguished by its English Gothic architecture. Total enrollment

Khorat Plateau

2005-02-28T02:12:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Korat Plateau, saucer-shaped tableland of northeastern Thailand. It occupies 60,000 square miles (155,000 square km), is situated 300–650 feet (90–200 m) above sea level, and tilts southeastward. The plateau is drained by the Chi and Mun rivers and is bounded by the Mekong River (north and east on the Laos border), the Phetchabun and Phang Hoei ranges (west), and the Phanom Dong Rak Range (south). The interior has low hills

Frame Harp

2005-02-28T01:31:00.000-08:00

Frame harps are known to have existed in Europe by the 9th century AD and in Ireland by

Biblical Literature, Ecclesiasticus (or Sirach)

2005-02-27T04:17:00.000-08:00

There are two deuterocanonical works of the genre known as wisdom literature, one Hebrew and one Greek. The Hebrew work is called Ecclesiasticus, in the Latin Bible and in Greek manuscripts Sophia Iesou hyiou Sirach (the Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach); the original Hebrew title was probably Hokhmat Yeshua' Ben-Sira, the Wisdom of Ben-Sira. Written in Hebrew about 180–175 BCE, it was

Pacific Railway Acts

2005-02-27T04:09:00.000-08:00

The first Pacific Railway Act (July 1, 1862) authorized the building of the railroad and granted rights of way to the Union Pacific to build westward from Omaha, Neb., and to the Central Pacific to build eastward from Sacramento, Calif.

Saarland

2005-02-26T10:31:00.000-08:00

The coal seams stretch for a distance of about

Malacca, Sultanate Of

2005-02-26T05:52:00.000-08:00

(1403?–1511), Malay dynasty that ruled the great entrepôt of Malacca (Melaka) and its dependencies and provided Malay history with its golden age, still evoked in idiom and institutions. The founder and first ruler of Malacca, Paramesvara (d. 1424, Malacca), a Sumatran prince who had fled his native Palembang under Javanese attack, established himself briefly in Tumasik (now Singapore)

Roberts, Richard

2005-02-25T18:54:00.000-08:00

Roberts began his career as an uneducated quarryman. He had remarkable mechanical ability, however, and worked at various times for the industrialist John Wilkinson and the inventor Henry Maudslay. He was one of the inventors of the metal planer and made

Quintana, Manuel José

2005-02-25T11:56:00.000-08:00

After studying law at the University of Salamanca, he went to Madrid to begin his

Mahakala

2005-02-24T14:36:00.000-08:00

In Tibetan Buddhism, one of the eight fierce protective deities. See dharmapala.

Dehiwalamount Lavinia

2005-02-24T03:04:00.000-08:00

Urban area on the southwestern coast of Sri Lanka (Ceylon). The area lies south of Colombo, of which it is a residential suburb. It comprises Dehiwala, Galkissa, Mount Lavinia, and other communities, all governed by a single urban council. Mount Lavinia is a seaside resort known for its beaches, and Dehiwala is noted for its zoological garden. The area grew rapidly in the

Roland (de La Platière), Jean-marie

2005-02-23T05:54:00.000-08:00

The son of a royal official, Roland became inspector of manufactures in Amiens (1780) and then in Lyon (1784). In February 1780 he married Jeanne-Marie Phlipon, who was 20 years

Abdülmecid Ii

2005-02-22T20:24:00.000-08:00

Following Ottoman custom, Abdülmecid was confined to the palace until he was 40, during which time his father, Abdülaziz, and three of his cousins reigned. When his fourth cousin took the throne as Mehmed VI in 1918, Abdülmecid became crown prince.

O'malley, Walter

2005-02-22T14:09:00.000-08:00

O'Malley received his law degree from Fordham University in New York City in 1930 and became a director of the Dodgers in 1932 and legal adviser in 1943. He became an owner with two other

Malevich, Kazimir (severinovich)

2005-02-22T01:15:00.000-08:00

Malevich was trained at the Kiev School of Art and the Moscow Academy of Fine Arts. In his early work he followed Impressionism as well as Fauvism, and, after a trip to Paris in 1912, he was influenced by Picasso and Cubism. As a member of the Jack of

O'malley, Walter

2005-02-21T15:54:00.000-08:00

Japan Air Lines was at first a domestic carrier, but it became an international airline in

Yagoda, Genrikh Grigoryevich

2005-02-20T17:41:00.000-08:00

Yagoda joined the Bolsheviks in 1907 and became a member of the presidium of the Cheka (Soviet secret police) in 1920. He was a deputy chairman of the Cheka's successor organization, OGPU, from 1924 to 1934 and from 1930 was in charge of the system of forced-labour camps

Bridgend

2005-02-20T09:17:00.000-08:00

Welsh Pen-y-Bont ar Ogwr county borough, historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg), southern Wales. Bridgend county borough extends from the mining valleys of Ogmore, Garw, and Llynfi in the north to the arable lowlands and an extensive coastline in the south. Discoveries of Bronze Age and Iron Age artifacts have been made near the village of Merthyr Mawr, and the remains of many Norman castles

Middleton, Stanley

2005-02-20T00:57:00.000-08:00

Educated at University College, Nottingham (now University of Nottingham; B.A., 1940; M.Ed, 1952), Middleton served in the British army's Royal Artillery and in the Army Education Corps. He later taught English and became department

Cromwellian Chair

2005-02-19T16:26:00.000-08:00

Sturdy, squarish chair with a leather back and seat, studded with brass-headed nails, made in England in the mid-17th century during the Puritan period and named after Oliver Cromwell. Because luxury and almost any kind of ornament were shunned in the prevailing climate of austerity, the only decoration was the pattern of bright nail heads and bobbin turning, a series

Afonso Iii

2005-02-18T18:46:00.000-08:00

The younger son of Afonso II and Urraeca, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castile, Afonso emigrated and became, by marriage, count of Boulogne. His elder brother, Sancho II, was deposed by order of the pope, who granted Afonso

Amazon River, Early European exploration

2005-02-18T11:20:00.000-08:00

In the early days the river was the only means of access into the forest. Francisco de Orellana descended the main course of the river from the Peruvian Andes to the Atlantic in 1541–42. Nearly a century later, Pedro Teixeira went from Belém to Quito, Ecuador, and the region increasingly became known through the explorations of the Portuguese. In 1743 the French naturalist Charles-Marie

Turner, Frederick Jackson

2005-02-18T00:40:00.000-08:00

American historian best known for the “frontier thesis.” The single most influential interpretation of the American past, it proposed that the distinctiveness of the United States was attributable to its long history of “westering.” Despite the fame of this monocausal interpretation, as the teacher and mentor of dozens of

Peru, Flag Of

2005-02-17T16:36:00.000-08:00

The first national flag of Peru was created in 1820, when José de San Martín arrived with his Army of the Andes from Argentina and Chile. The Peruvian flag he designed combined the colours red and white, said to have been chosen because San Martín saw a flock of flamingos take wing at his arrival. The form of the flag was unusual—a diagonal division forming two white and two

Allen, Florence Ellinwood

2005-02-17T05:09:00.000-08:00

Allen was a descendant of American Revolutionary War hero Ethan Allen. She graduated from Western Reserve University's College for Women in 1904 and for two years studied music in Berlin. An injury prevented

Conon

2005-02-16T04:50:00.000-08:00

Conon was admiral in each of

Karadzic, Vuk Stefanovic

2005-02-15T22:50:00.000-08:00

Karadzic learned to read and write in the old monastery Tronosha (near his native village). Mostly in the

Kertanagara

2005-02-15T16:55:00.000-08:00

Kertanagara was the son of princely families—King Vishnuvardhana of Janggala and a princess of Kadiri—so that by birth he was a reuniter of the two halves of the Javanese kingdom. Even his name, Kertanagara, meaning “order in the realm,” might refer to reunion, which was the achievement of a great king according to the Javanese dualistic cosmology. Probably for this reason,

Salé

2005-02-15T02:43:00.000-08:00

Arabic Sla, old walled city on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. It lies at the mouth of the Wadi Bou Regreg, opposite Rabat. Founded in the 10th century, it reached its zenith as a medieval merchant port and entrepôt. After 1627 Salé—with Rabat as its vassal—became the corsair republic of Bou Regreg and the base for the notorious Sallee Corsairs, the most dreaded of the Barbary pirates; because

Biblical Literature, The canon of the Prophets

2005-02-13T22:11:00.000-08:00

The Hebrew canon of the section of the Old Testament known as the Nevi'im, or the Prophets, is divided into two sections: the Former Prophets and the Latter Prophets. The Former Prophets contains four historical books—Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings; the Latter Prophets includes four prophetic works—the books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve (Minor) Prophets.

Cambridge

2005-02-12T15:18:00.000-08:00

City, Middlesex county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S., situated on the north bank of the Charles River, partly opposite Boston. Originally settled as New Towne in 1630 by the Massachusetts Bay Company, it was organized as a town in 1636 when it became the site of Harvard College (now an undergraduate school of Harvard University). The town was renamed for Cambridge, England, in 1638 and became

China, Central government

2005-02-12T09:48:00.000-08:00

In its early form the Ming central government was dominated by a unitary Secretariat. The senior executive official of the Secretariat served the emperor as a chief counselor, or prime minister. Suspected treason on the part of the chief counselor Hu Wei-yung in 1380 caused the Hung-wu emperor to abolish all executive posts in the Secretariat, thus fragmenting general

Industrial Engineering

2005-02-12T08:25:00.000-08:00

Application of engineering principles and techniques of scientific management to the maintenance of a high level of productivity at optimum cost in industrial enterprises.

Ligdan

2005-02-11T15:48:00.000-08:00

Ligdan's authority

Bradford, William

2005-02-10T20:39:00.000-08:00

He was a Quaker and a self-taught artist, painting the ships and the marine views he saw along the coasts of Massachusetts, Labrador, and Nova Scotia; he went on several Arctic expeditions with Isaac Hayes and was the first

Madhubuti, Haki R.

2005-02-10T15:23:00.000-08:00

Lee attended several colleges in Chicago and graduate school at the University of Iowa (M.F.A., 1984); he also served in the U.S. Army (1960–63). He taught at various colleges and universities, in 1984 becoming a faculty member at Chicago State University. His poetry, which began to appear in the 1960s, was written in black dialect

Permafrost, Thermokarst formations

2005-02-10T14:06:00.000-08:00

Thawed

Bahubali

2005-02-09T16:40:00.000-08:00

After winning a duel with his half-brother for control of the kingdom, Bahubali is believed by the Jains to have realized the transience of temporal affairs and renounced the world. According

Yuma Desert

2005-02-09T00:54:00.000-08:00

The Yuma Desert is a region of low sandy plains and dunes. The area is nearly barren,

Biblical Literature, Hosea

2005-02-08T10:28:00.000-08:00

The Book of Hosea, the first of the canonical Twelve (Minor) Prophets, was written by Hosea (whose name means “salvation,” or “deliverance”), a prophet who lived during the last years of the age of Jeroboam II in Israel and the period of decline and ruin that followed the brief period of economic prosperity. The Assyrians were threatening the land of Israel and the people of

StiffSun

organic cotton goods

Pacemaker

World War I, Italy and the Italian front, 191516

Cynoscephalae

Peter, Apocalypse Of

Alcmaeon

China, The Wu-tai (Five Dynasties)

Mascagni, Pietro

Insurance, Business liability insurance

Dance, Western, Experiments

Toarcian Stage

Lowell, A(bbott) Lawrence

Defense Of Rights, Associations For The

Biblical Literature, The revision of Theodotion

Staff

Priesthood, Christianity

Cynewulf

Qatif, Al-

Sunderland

Cela, Camilo José

Frye, Northrop

Constantia

Arabia, History Of, Mamluk and Ottoman influence

Mahi River

Plant Disease, Biological control

Neo-sinaitic Alphabet

Tibet

Waihi

Kiel, Treaty Of

Baby Yar

Tale Of Genji, The

Mecca, Plant and animal life

Philip Iii

Papandreou, Andreas

Padang Highlands

Faidherbe, Louis

Photography, Technology Of, X-ray radiography

Air Law, Criminal jurisdiction

Ear, Human, Auditory nerve fibres

Baseball

Palawan

Abu Simbel

Abbott, Jacob

Protein, Results of X-ray diffraction studies

Tsuyama

Bruce, Michael

Ear Disease

Jastrzebie-zdrój

Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, Inc.

Renkum

Bruce, Michael

San Antonio Zoological Gardens And Aquarium

Pendergast, Thomas J(oseph)

Memory Abnormality

Weld, Sir Frederick Aloysius

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl Of, Baron Of Raby

China, Political developments

Mormon

Cosmopolitanism

Triglyceride

Oglethorpe University

Khorat Plateau

Frame Harp

Biblical Literature, Ecclesiasticus (or Sirach)

Pacific Railway Acts

Saarland

Malacca, Sultanate Of

Roberts, Richard

Quintana, Manuel José

Mahakala

Dehiwalamount Lavinia

Roland (de La Platière), Jean-marie

Abdülmecid Ii

O'malley, Walter

Malevich, Kazimir (severinovich)

O'malley, Walter

Yagoda, Genrikh Grigoryevich

Bridgend

Middleton, Stanley

World War I, Italy and the Italian front, 191516

Dehiwalamount Lavinia